Malinga ndi lipoti la BBC, ma puree a tomato a ku Italy omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu osiyanasiyana aku UK akuoneka kuti ali ndi tomato wolimidwa ndikusonkhanitsidwa ku China pogwiritsa ntchito anthu ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa.
Mayeso omwe adapangidwa ndi BBC World Service adapeza kuti zinthu 17 zonse, zambiri mwa izo zomwe ndi zamakampani omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo aku UK ndi Germany, mwina zili ndi tomato waku China.
Ena ali ndi 'Chitaliyana' m'dzina lawo monga 'Chitaliyana Purée' cha Tesco, pomwe ena ali ndi 'Chitaliyana' m'mafotokozedwe awo, monga Asda's double concentrate yomwe imati ili ndi 'puréed Italian grown tomatoes' ndi 'Essential Tomato Purée' ya Waitrose, yomwe imadzitcha 'chitaliyana puree'.
Masitolo akuluakulu omwe zinthu zawo za BBC World Service zinayesedwa amatsutsa zomwe zapezekazi.
Ku China, tomato ambiri amachokera ku dera la Xinjiang, komwe kupanga kwawo kumalumikizidwa ndi ntchito yokakamiza ya anthu a ku Uyghur ndi anthu ena omwe ndi Asilamu ochepa.
Bungwe la United Nations (UN) likudzudzula boma la China chifukwa chozunza ndi kuzunza anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe China imawaona ngati chiwopsezo cha chitetezo. China ikukana kuti ikukakamiza anthu kugwira ntchito mumakampani opanga tomato ndipo ikunena kuti ufulu wa ogwira ntchito wake umatetezedwa ndi lamulo. Malinga ndi BBC, China ikunena kuti lipoti la UN likuchokera pa 'zabodza ndi mabodza'.
China imabala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tomato padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo dera la kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Xinjiang limaonedwa kuti ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri yolima mbewuyi. Komabe, Xinjiang yayang'aniridwanso padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha malipoti okhudza kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu, kuphatikizapo kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri kuyambira mu 2017.
Malinga ndi mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu, anthu opitilira miliyoni a ku Uyghur agwidwa m'ndende zomwe China imazitcha 'misasa yophunzitsiranso anthu.' Pali milandu yomwe yabuka yomwe ikusonyeza kuti ena mwa akaidiwo agwiritsidwa ntchito mokakamiza, kuphatikizapo m'minda ya phwetekere ku Xinjiang.
Posachedwapa BBC idalankhula ndi anthu 14 omwe adanena kuti adakumana ndi kapena kuwona ntchito yokakamiza yolima phwetekere m'derali m'zaka 16 zapitazi. Munthu wina yemwe kale anali m'ndende, yemwe amalankhula pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lolakwika, adati antchito amafunika kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa makilogalamu 650, ndipo chilango kwa omwe alephera.
BBC inati: "N'zovuta kutsimikizira nkhaniyi, koma ndi yofanana, ndipo ikugwirizana ndi umboni womwe unapezeka mu lipoti la UN la 2022, lomwe linanena za kuzunzidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito m'malo osungira anthu ku Xinjiang".
Mwa kuphatikiza deta yotumizira kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi, BBC idapeza momwe tomato ambiri a Xinjiang amanyamulidwira ku Europe - ndi sitima kudzera ku Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan ndi ku Georgia, kuchokera komwe amatumizidwa kupita ku Italy.
Ogulitsa ena, monga Tesco ndi Rewe, adayankha mwa kuyimitsa kugulitsa kapena kuchotsa zinthu, pomwe ena, kuphatikiza Waitrose, Morrisons, ndi Edeka, adatsutsa zomwe adapeza ndipo adachita mayeso awoawo, zomwe zidatsutsana ndi zomwe adanenazo. Lidl adatsimikiza kuti adagwiritsa ntchito tomato waku China mu chinthu chomwe chidagulitsidwa kwakanthawi ku Germany mu 2023 chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu.
Mafunso abuka okhudza njira zopezera zinthu za Antonio Petti, kampani yayikulu yokonza tomato ku Italy. Zolemba zotumizira zikusonyeza kuti kampaniyo idalandira makilogalamu opitilira 36 miliyoni a phala la tomato kuchokera ku Xinjiang Guannong ndi mabungwe ake pakati pa 2020 ndi 2023. Xinjiang Guannong ndi kampani yayikulu yogulitsa tomato ku China, yomwe imapanga gawo lalikulu la tomato padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 2021, imodzi mwa mafakitale a gulu la Petti inaukiridwa ndi apolisi ankhondo aku Italy chifukwa chokayikira zachinyengo - atolankhani aku Italy adalengeza kuti tomato aku China ndi ena akunja adatengedwa ngati aku Italy. Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa kuukirako, nkhaniyi idathetsedwa kukhothi.
Paulendo wake wobisika ku fakitale ya Petti, mtolankhani wa BBC adajambula zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsa migolo yolembedwa kuti ili ndi phala la phwetekere kuchokera ku Xinjiang Guannong ya mu Ogasiti 2023. Petti adakana kugula kwaposachedwa kuchokera ku Xinjiang Guannong, ponena kuti idalamula komaliza mu 2020. Kampaniyo idavomereza kuti idagula phala la phwetekere kuchokera ku Bazhou Red Fruit, yomwe imagawana maulalo ndi Xinjiang Guannong, koma idati isiya kuitanitsa zinthu za phwetekere zaku China ndikuwonjezera kuyang'anira unyolo wogulitsa.
Kampaniyi "siinagwire ntchito yokakamiza," wolankhulira Petti adauza BBC. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti Bazhou Red Fruit imagawana nambala ya foni ndi Xinjiang Guannong, ndi umboni wina, kuphatikizapo kusanthula deta yotumizira, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti Bazhou ndi kampani yake yogulitsa zinthu.
Mneneri wa Petti adawonjezera kuti: "M'tsogolomu sitidzatumiza zinthu za phwetekere kuchokera ku China ndipo tidzawongolera kuyang'anira kwathu ogulitsa kuti tiwonetsetse kuti ufulu wa anthu ndi wa ogwira ntchito ukutsatira malamulo".
Dziko la US lakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima oletsa kutumiza katundu ku Xinjiang, pomwe mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi UK agwiritsa ntchito njira yofewa, zomwe zalola makampani kudzilamulira okha kuti atsimikizire kuti anthu ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa sakugwiritsidwa ntchito mu unyolo wogulitsa katundu.
Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kufunika kwa njira zolimba zotsatirira zinthu komanso mavuto osunga kuwonekera poyera mu unyolo wapadziko lonse lapansi wopereka zinthu. Pamene EU ikukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima okhudza ntchito yokakamiza mu unyolo wopereka zinthu, kudalira kwa UK pa kudziletsa kungayang'anitsidwe kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-05-2025