Sabata ino, bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) la bungwe la United Nations, mogwirizana ndi WHO, lafalitsa lipoti lake loyamba padziko lonse lapansi lokhudza chitetezo cha chakudya cha zinthu zopangidwa ndi maselo.
Lipotilo likufuna kupereka maziko olimba asayansi kuti ayambe kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi machitidwe ogwira mtima kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha mapuloteni ena.
Corinna Hawkes, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya FAO yoona za chakudya ndi chitetezo cha chakudya, anati: “FAO, pamodzi ndi WHO, imathandizira mamembala ake popereka upangiri wasayansi womwe ungakhale wothandiza kwa akuluakulu oyenerera pankhani ya chitetezo cha chakudya kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati maziko oyendetsera nkhani zosiyanasiyana za chitetezo cha chakudya.”
Mu lipoti lake, bungwe la FAO linati: "Zakudya zopangidwa ndi maselo si zakudya zamtsogolo. Makampani/makampani oyambira opitilira 100 akupanga kale zakudya zopangidwa ndi maselo zomwe zakonzeka kugulitsidwa ndipo zikuyembekezera kuvomerezedwa."
Lipotilo likunena kuti zatsopanozi zomwe zikuchitika pakukula kwa njira yopezera chakudya zikubwera chifukwa cha "mavuto akuluakulu okhudzana ndi chakudya" okhudzana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chafika pa 9.8 biliyoni mu 2050.
Popeza zakudya zina zochokera ku maselo zili kale pansi pa magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko, lipotilo likuti "ndikofunikira kuwunika bwino ubwino wake, komanso zoopsa zilizonse zokhudzana ndi zakudyazo - kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha chakudya ndi nkhawa za khalidwe".
Lipotilo, lotchedwa Food Safety Aspects of Cell-Based Food, limaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mabuku okhudzana ndi mawu ofunikira, mfundo za njira zopangira chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito maselo, mawonekedwe apadziko lonse a malamulo, ndi maphunziro ochokera ku Israel, Qatar ndi Singapore "kuti awonetse malo osiyanasiyana, kapangidwe ndi zochitika zozungulira malamulo awo okhudzana ndi chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito maselo".
Bukuli likuphatikizapo zotsatira za uphungu wa akatswiri otsogozedwa ndi FAO womwe unachitika ku Singapore mu Novembala chaka chatha, komwe kunachitika chidziwitso chokwanira cha zoopsa zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya - kuzindikira zoopsa kukhala gawo loyamba la ndondomeko yovomerezeka yowunikira zoopsa.
Kuzindikira zoopsa kunakhudza magawo anayi a njira yopangira chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito maselo: kupeza maselo, kukula ndi kupanga maselo, kukolola maselo, ndi kukonza chakudya. Akatswiri adagwirizana kuti ngakhale zoopsa zambiri zimadziwika kale ndipo zilipo mofanana mu chakudya chopangidwa mwachizolowezi, cholinga chingafunike kuyikidwa pa zipangizo, zinthu zolowetsedwa, zosakaniza - kuphatikizapo zomwe zingachititse kuti pakhale ziwengo - ndi zida zomwe zimakhala zapadera kwambiri popanga chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito maselo.
Ngakhale kuti FAO imatchula "zakudya zopangidwa ndi maselo," lipotilo likuvomereza kuti mawu oti 'kulima' ndi 'kulima' ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga zakudya. FAO imalimbikitsa mabungwe olamulira dziko lonse kuti akhazikitse chilankhulo chomveka bwino komanso chogwirizana kuti achepetse kusamvana, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakulemba zilembo.
Lipotilo likusonyeza kuti njira yowunikira chitetezo cha chakudya cha zinthu zopangidwa ndi maselo ndi yoyenera chifukwa, ngakhale kuti pali njira zambiri zopangira, chinthu chilichonse chingagwiritse ntchito magwero osiyanasiyana a maselo, ma scaffolds kapena ma microcarriers, zinthu zokulirapo, mikhalidwe yolima ndi mapangidwe a reactor.
Ikunenanso kuti m'maiko ambiri, zakudya zopangidwa ndi maselo zimatha kuyesedwa mkati mwa njira zatsopano zomwe zilipo kale, ponena za kusintha kwa Singapore ku malamulo ake atsopano azakudya kuti aphatikizepo zakudya zopangidwa ndi maselo ndi mgwirizano wovomerezeka wa US pankhani yolemba zilembo ndi zofunikira zachitetezo cha chakudya chopangidwa kuchokera ku maselo oleredwa a ziweto ndi nkhuku, mwachitsanzo. Ikuwonjezera kuti USDA yanena cholinga chake cholemba malamulo okhudza kulemba zilembo za nyama ndi nkhuku zochokera ku maselo a nyama.
Malinga ndi FAO, "pakadali pano pali chidziwitso chochepa komanso deta yokhudza chitetezo cha chakudya cha zakudya zochokera ku maselo kuti zithandize olamulira kupanga zisankho zodziwa bwino".
Lipotilo likunena kuti kupanga deta yambiri ndi kugawana deta padziko lonse lapansi ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga malo otseguka ndi odalirika, kuti onse okhudzidwa athe kutenga nawo mbali. Limanenanso kuti kuyesetsa kwapadziko lonse lapansi kungapindulitse akuluakulu osiyanasiyana oyenerera chitetezo cha chakudya, makamaka omwe ali m'maiko osauka ndi apakati, kuti agwiritse ntchito njira yochokera ku umboni wokonzekera njira zilizonse zofunika zowongolera.
Limamaliza ndi kunena kuti kuwonjezera pa chitetezo cha chakudya, nkhani zina monga mawu ofotokozera, malamulo, zakudya, momwe ogula amaonera komanso kuvomereza (kuphatikizapo kukoma ndi mtengo wake) ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo mwina ndizofunikira kwambiri pankhani yoyambitsa ukadaulo uwu pamsika.
Pa zokambirana za akatswiri zomwe zinachitika ku Singapore kuyambira pa 1 mpaka 4 Novembala chaka chatha, FAO idapereka pempho lotseguka padziko lonse la akatswiri kuyambira pa 1 Epulo mpaka 15 Juni 2022, kuti apange gulu la akatswiri omwe ali ndi ukadaulo komanso luso lamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Akatswiri 138 adapempha ntchito ndipo gulu lodziyimira pawokha losankha lidawunikanso ndikuyika ma fomuwo pamlingo wotsatira mfundo zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale - ofunsira 33 adasankhidwa. Pakati pawo, 26 adalemba ndikusaina fomu ya 'Kusunga Chinsinsi ndi Kulengeza Chidwi', ndipo pambuyo powunika zofuna zonse zomwe zidawululidwa, ofuna ntchito omwe alibe kutsutsana kwachidwi adalembedwa ngati akatswiri, pomwe ofuna ntchito omwe ali ndi mbiri yoyenera pankhaniyi ndipo omwe angawoneke ngati kutsutsana kwachidwi adalembedwa ngati anthu ofunikira.
Akatswiri a gulu laukadaulo ndi awa:
lAnil Kumar Anal, pulofesa, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
lWilliam Chen, pulofesa wopatsidwa ulemu komanso mkulu wa sayansi ya zakudya ndi ukadaulo, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (wachiwiri kwa wapampando)
lDeepak Choudhury, wasayansi wamkulu wa ukadaulo wa biomanufacturing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
lSghaier Chriki, pulofesa wothandizira, Institut Supérieur de l'Agriculture Rhône-Alpes, wofufuza, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, France (wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa gulu logwira ntchito)
lMarie-Pierre Ellies-Oury, pulofesa wothandizira, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de L'Environnement and Bordeaux Sciences Agro, France
lJeremiah Fasano, mlangizi wamkulu wa mfundo, United States Food and Drug Administration, US (wapampando)
lMukunda Goswami, wasayansi wamkulu, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India
lWilliam Hallman, pulofesa komanso wapampando, Rutgers University, US
Geoffrey Muriira Karau, director wa quality assurance and inspection, Bureau of Standards, Kenya
lMartín Alfredo Lema, biotechnologist, National University of Quilmes, Argentina (wachiwiri kwa mpando)
lReza Ovissipour, pulofesa wothandizira, Virginia Polytechnic Institute ndi State University, US
lChristopher Simuntala, mkulu wa bungwe la National Biosafety Authority, Zambia
lYongning Wu, wasayansi wamkulu, National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, China
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-04-2024